PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI KERTAS KARTON DENGAN UP-FLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET (UASB) DAN LUMPUR AKTIF (WASTEWATER TREATMENT OF BOARD PAPER INDUSTRY BY UP-FLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET (UASB) AND ACTIVATED SLUDGE)

Kristaufan Joko Pramono(1*)
(1) Balai Besar Pulp dan Kertas
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Paper mill is one of the industries that discharge huge wastewater containing high pollutant. A low-rate wastewater treatment system is not adequate anymore to treat wastewater which has high dissolved organic pollutant. Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) system is one of the anaerobic processes which has high efficiency and can be run at high organic loading rate as well. As post treatment, the activated sludge could further reduce organic pollutant. The wastewater discharged from a paperboard industry was used on this research. Granular sludge was seeded into UASB reactor which was provided by a biogas measurement. The activated sludge reactor was seeded by activated sludge taken from an aeration tank of a wastewater treatment of the paperboard mill. Varied HRT of 24, 18, 12, and 10 hours were implemented with organic loading rate of 0.88 – 4.65 kg COD/m3.day. Results indicated that the UASB reactor could reduce COD up to 87%, TSS up to 85%, and BOD5 up to 95% at organic loading rate of 0.88 – 1.94 kg COD/m3.day. The wastewater threshold for the coarse paper industry COD of 175 mg/L, TSS of 80 mg/l, and BOD5 of 90 mg/l could be complied by the results of the treatments accomplished by the UASB reactor and the activated sludge process arrangement at the time retention of 18 – 24 hours.

Keywords : wastewater, activated sludge, granular sludge, paperboard industry, UASB


INTISARI


Industri kertas karton adalah salah satu industri yang mengeluarkan air limbah dalam jumlah besar yang mengandung bahan pencemar cukup tinggi. Sistem pengolahan air limbah yang berkategori low-rate kurang sesuai lagi untuk mengolah air limbah yang mengandung cemaran organik tinggi dan bersifat kompleks terlarut. Sistem Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) adalah salah satu proses anaerobik dengan efisiensi tinggi yang dapat beroperasi pada beban  organik tinggi. Proses aerobik sistem lumpur aktif sebagai pengolahan lanjutan dapat menurunkan kadar cemaran organik lebih lanjut. Pada percobaan digunakan air limbah yang berasal dari industri kertas karton. Lumpur granul digunakan sebagai bibit lumpur reaktor UASB yang dilengkapi dengan alat pengukur biogas. Reaktor lumpur aktif konvensional yang diberi bibit lumpur aktif dari bak aerasi Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) industri kertas karton digunakan sebagai pengolahan lanjutan. Waktu tinggal divariasikan secara bertahap dari 24 jam, 18 jam, 12 jam, dan 10 jam dengan laju beban organik 0,88 – 4,65 kg COD/m3 .hari. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa reaktor UASB dapat mereduksi COD dengan efisiensi tertinggi 87%, TSS 85%, dan BOD5 95% pada laju beban organik 0,88 – 1,94 kg COD/m3.hari. Pengolahan air limbah dengan kombinasi UASB dan lumpur aktif pada waktu tinggal 18 – 24 jam telah dapat memenuhi baku mutu air limbah industri kertas kasar yaitu COD = 175 mg/l, TSS = 80 mg/l, dan BOD5 = 90 mg/l.

Kata kunci : air limbah, lumpur aktif, lumpur granul, industri kertas karton, UASB

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