Email the author 
Abstract
Industri pulp Indonesia saat ini memiliki masalah dalam penyediaan bahan baku kayu Acacia mangium, karena serangan penyakit tanaman dan hama. Hal ini harus diantisipasi melalui bahan baku alternatif pengganti Acacia mangium, spesies Eucalyptus pellita dipilih karena lebih tahan terhadap hama dan penyakit. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik kualitas pulp kraft putih E. Pellita. Penelitian pembuatan pulp kertas dilakukan dengan proses kraft dengan bahan baku A. mangium dan E. pellita. Pemasakan dilakukan dengan variasi alkali aktif 16-20%, sulfiditas 28,7%, pada suhu 165 °C, rasio larutan pemasak terhadap kayu 3,5:1 dan faktor H 1.022. Pemutihan pulp dilakukan dengan proses ECF (Elemental Chlorine Free) dengan tahapan OD0EoD1. Karakteristik pulp kraft hasil pemasakan A. mangium lebih tinggi pada parameter rendemen tersaring, bilangan kappa dan viskositas dibandingkan dengan E. pellita. Penggunaan alkali aktif 16% pada pemasakan A. mangium lebih rendah dari E. pellita (18%), namun kualitasnya dapat memenuhi spesifikasi kualitas pulp kraft putih sesuai SNI 6107:2015 (Pulp Kraft Putih Kayu daun) pada parameter derajat giling, derajat putih dan sifat fisik. Karakteristik pulp kraft putih A. mangium lebih tinggi pada parameter derajat giling, derajat putih dan sifat fisik dibandingkan dengan E. pellita. Namun demikian E. pellita berpotensi untuk dikembangkan di Hutan Tanaman Industri sebagai bahan baku pulp.
Effect of Active Alkali on Characteristic of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus pellita Bleached Kraft Pulp
AbstractThe Indonesian pulp industry currently has problems in supplying Acacia mangium wood raw materials, due to plant disease and pest attacks. This could be anticipated through alternative raw materials to substitute Acacia mangium, the Eucalyptus pellita species chosen because it is more resistant to pests and diseases. This study was conducted to determine the quality characteristics of E. Pellita bleached kraft pulp. The research on making paper pulp using A. mangium and E. pellita was carried out by means of the kraft process. The cooking was carried out with a variation of 16-20% active alkali, 28.7% sulfidity, at a temperature of 165°C, a liquor to wood ratio of 3.5:1 and an H factor of 1.022. The bleaching of the pulp has been carried out using the ECF (Elemental Chlorine Free) process with the OD0EoD1 stage. Characteristics of kraft pulp from A. mangium cooking were higher in the screening yield, kappa number and viscosity compared to E. Pellita. The use of 16% active alkaline in cooking of A. mangium is lower than E. pellita (18%), but the quality can meet the quality specifications of white kraft pulp according to SNI 6107: 2015 (White Kraft Leaf Wood Pulp) on the parameters of milled degree, whiteness and properties. The characteristics of A. mangium white kraft pulp were higher in parameters of grind degree, whiteness and physical properties compared to E. pellita. However, E. pellita has the potential to be developed in Industrial Plantation Forests as raw material for pulp.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdel-Aal, M.A. 2013. Effect of Cooking Time, Active Alkali Concentration and Refining Process on the Pulping and Papermaking Properties of Buttonwood Residues (Conocarpus erectus L.). World Applied Sciences Journal. 27 (1): 01-09
Ardina, V., Irawan, B., Prajitno, D.H. & Roesyadi, A. 2018. Active alkali charge effect on kraft pulping process of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus pellita. AIP Conference Proceedings 2014. 020036:1-6.
Bajpai, P. 2018. Biermann’s Handbook of Pulp and Paper: Raw Material and Pulp Making. Third Edition. Elsevier. Netherlands.
Banavath, H.N., Bhardewaj, N.K., & Ray, A.K. 2011. A comparative study of the effect of refining on charge of various pulps. Bioresource Technology. 102: 4544-4551.
Bassa, A. G. M. C., F. A. S. Duarte, F. G. D. Silva, & V. M. Sacon. 2002. The Effect of Alkali Charge on Eucalyptus spp. Kraft Pulping. University of Sao Paulo. Brazil.
Bowyer, J.L, G. Haygreen, & R. Schmulsky. 2007. Forest Products and Wood Science: An Introduction. Fourth Edition. Iowa State Press. USA.
Buzala, K. B., Kalinowska, H., Borkowski, J. & Przybysz, P. 2018. Effect of xylanases on refining process and kraft pulp properties. Cellulose. 25:1319-1328.
Colodette, J. L., Gomide, J. L., Argyropoulos, D. S., Robles, Y. A. M., Almeida, J. M., Mehlman, S. K. & deBrito, A. G. H. 1999. Effect of pulping processes on bleachability with ECF, Z-ECF and TCF Bleaching. Appita Journal. 52 (5):368-374.
Eshkiki, R.; Mortha, G., & Lachenal, D., A. 2006.New fast and quantitative method for the titration of free phenolic hydroxyl groups in cellulosic pulps. 9thEuropean Workshop on Lignocellulosics and Pulp. Vienna, Austria.
Gellerstedt, G. 2009. Pulp and Paper Chemistry and Technology: Chemistry of Bleaching of Chemical Pulp. Volume 2. M. Ek, G. Gellerstedt, G. Henriksson (Peny). De Gruyter. Berlin.
Gullichsen, J., & Fogelholm, C. 1999. Chemical Pulping. FAPET OY, Helsinki, Finland.
Hardiyanto, E. & Nambiar, E.K.S. 2014. Productivity of successive rotations of Acacia mangium plantations in South Sumatra, Indonesia: impacts of harvest and inter-rotation site management. New Forests. 45:547–555.
Harwood C. E., & Nambiar E. K. S. 2014. Productivity of acacia and eucalypt plantations in South-East Asia. II. Trends and variations. International Forestry Review. 16:249–260.
Hillman, D. C. 2002. Single-species pulping: the world’s preferred market pulps. Solutions. 27–28.
Irianto R. S. B., K. Barry, N. Hidayati, S. Ito, A. Fiani, A. Rimbawanto & C. Mohammed. 2006. Incidence and spatial analysis of root rot of Acacia mangiun in Indonesia. Journal of Tropical Forest Science. 18 (3) : 157 – 165.
Islam, M. N. 2004. Effect of chemical charges in cooking and their effectiveness on pulp bleaching. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research. 63:522-526.
Jahan, M. S., A. Rubaiat, R. Sabina, R. C. Roy, & H. Kabir. 2008. Kraft Pulping and Bleaching of Trema orientalis (Nalita). Cellulose Chemistry and Technology. 42 (4-6), (223-228).
Jahan, M.S., Sabina, R. & Rubaiyat, A. 2008. Alkaline Pulping and Bleaching of Acacia auriculiformis Grown in Bangladesh. Turk. J. Agric. For. 32:339-347.
Khiari, R., Mhenni, M.F., Belgacem, M.N., & Mauret, E. 2010.Chemical composition and pulping of date palm rachis and Posidonia oceanic - A comparison with other wood and non-wood fibre sources. Bioresource Technology. 101: 775-780.
Lukmandaru, G., Zumaini, U. F., Soeprijadi, D., Nugroho, W. D., & Susanto, M. 2016. Chemical Properties and Fiber Dimension of Eucalyptus pellita from The 2nd Generation of Progeny Tests in Pelaihari, South Borneo, Indonesia. Journal Korean Wood Science Tehnology. 44(4). pp. 571–588.
MacLeod, M. 2007. The Top Ten Factors in Kraft Pulp Yield. Paper and Timber. 89 (4):1-7.
Matin, M., M. M. Rahaman, J. Nayeem, M. Sarkar & M. S. Jahan. 2015. Dissolving pulp from jute stick. Carbohydrate Polymers. 115, 44-48.
Mendham, D., E. Hardiyanto, A. Wicaksono & M. Nurudin. 2017. Nutrient management of contrasting Acacia mangium genotypes and weed management strategies in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Australian Forestry. 80:127–134.
Muhammad, A. J., S. S. Ong & W. Ratnam,. 2018. Characterization of mean stem density, fibre length and lignin from two Acacia species and their hybrid. J. For. Res. Volume. 29(2) 549–555.
Nambiar, E. K .S., C. E. Harwood & D. S. Mendham. 2018. Paths to sustainable wood supply to the pulp and paper industry in Indonesia after diseases have forced a change of species from acacia to eucalypts. Australian Forestry. Pp. 1-14.
Nawawi, D. S. Syafii, W., Tomoda, I., Uchida, Y., Akiyama, T., Yokoyama, T. & Matsumoto, Y. 2017. Characteristics and reactivity of lignin in Acacia and Eucalyptus woods. Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology, 0:1–10.
Patt, R., Kordsachia, O. & Fehr, J. 2006. European hardwoods versus Eucalyptus globulus as a raw material for pulping. Wood. Sci. Technol. 40: 39–48.
Rosli, W. D. W., I. Mazlan, & K. N. Law. 2009. Effects of Kraft Pulping Variables on Pulp and Paper Properties of Acacia mangium Kraft Pulp. Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 43 (1-3), (9-15).
Scott, W.E., Abbott, J., & Trosset, S., 1995. Properties of Paper: An Introduction. TAPPI Press, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Sharma, M., & Shukla, R.N. 2013. Impact of cooking conditions on pulp viscosity and kappa number of Leucaena leucocephala wood for kraft pulping. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology 2(1): 1∼8.
Sjöström, E. 1998. Kimia Kayu: Dasar-Dasar Penggunaan. Edisi kedua. H. Sastrohamidjojo (Penerj), S. Prawirohatmodjo. (Peny). Gadjah Mada University Pers. Yogyakarta
Smulsky, R. & P. D. Jones. 2011. Forest products and wood science : an introduction. Wiley-Blackwell. USA-United Kingdom.
Suess, H. U. 2010. Pulp Bleaching Today. De Gruyter. Berlin.
Sugesty, S., T. Kardiansyah & W. Pratiwi. 2015. Potensi Acacia crassicarpa Sebagai Bahan Baku Pulp Kertas untuk Hutan Tanaman Industri. Jurnal Selulosa. Vol. 4(1), 21-32.
Suhartati, Y. Rahmayanto & Y. Daeng. 2014. Dampak Penurunan Daur Tanaman HTI Acacia Terhadap Kelestarian Produksi, Ekologis dan Sosial. Info Teknis BOTANI. Vol. 11 (2), 103-116.
Tarigan, M., J. Roux, M. Van Wyk, B. Tjahjono & M. J. Wingfield. 2011. A new wilt and die-back disease of Acacia mangium associated with Ceratocystis manginecans and C. acaciivora sp. nov. in Indonesia. South African Journal of Botany. 77:292–304.
Wistara, N. J., A. Carolina, W. S. Pulungan, N. Emil, S. H. Lee & N. H. Kim. 2015. Effect of Tree Age and Active Alkali on Kraft Pulping of White Jabon. J. Korean Wood Sci. Technol. 43(5), 566-577.
Article Metrics
Abstract view : 87 times
PDF view : 72 times
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2020 JURNAL SELULOSA
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.