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Abstract
Wastewater treatment sludge cake and pulp reject from kraft pulp mill are sources of renewable energy. This study evaluated the effects of temperature on pyrolysis to convert sludge cake and pulp reject into tar and char product. Sludge cake had composition of (adb): moisture 9.08%, volatile matter 57.53%, fixed carbon 8.72% and ash 24.67% with calorific value of 2931 cal/g, while pulp reject had moisture 9.42%, volatile matter 68.16%, fixed carbon 17.00% and ash 5.42% with calorific value of 3656 cal/g. Higher volatile matter content made sludge cake and pulp reject had potency to produce tar. Pyrolysis peak was reached at 349oC for sludge cake and 300oC for pulp reject. The conversion reached 30% at 300oC and 80-90% at 400oC, with the yield of tar reached 39% for sludge cake and 47% for pulp reject. At >400oC tar formed decomposed into pyrolysis gas. Differences in material composition and pyrolysis temperature influenced composition of the tar. The char yields at 300-500oC were not difference signifantly, either for sludge cake or pulp reject. All components of the volatile matter in sludge cake and pulp reject were degraded completely in 60 minutes.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian pirolisis sludge cake dan pulp reject dari pabrik pulp kraft dengan variasi suhu reaktor telah dilakukan. Sludge cake dan pulp reject adalah biomassa sisa yang dihasilkan di pabrik pulp dalam jumlah besar. Sludge cake hasil pengolahan air limbah dan pulp reject proses pembuatan pulp kimia merupakan sumber energi alternatif terbarukan potensial yang terdapat di industri pulp kraft yang saat ini belum banyak dimanfaatkan dengan baik sehingga menyebabkan isu-isu lingkungan. Penelitian ini melakukan evaluasi pengaruh suhu terhadap pirolisis untuk mengkonversi sludge cake dan pulp reject menjadi produk tar dan arang. Sludge cake mengandung zat terbang 51,34% (adb) dan karbon tetap 10,40% (adb) dengan nilai kalor 2915 kal/g (adb), sedangkan pulp reject mengandung zat terbang 68,16% (adb) dan karbon tetap 17,00% (adb) dengan nilai kalor 3656 kal/g (adb). Sebagian besar komponen zat terbang pada sludge cake maupun pulp reject habis terdegradasi pada suhu 300 – 500oC dengan waktu tinggal 60 menit. Tar hasil pirolisis sludge cake dan pulp reject mengandung senyawa-senyawa turunan benzen, phenol, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), asam dan ester. Pada rentang suhu 400 – 500oC tar yang terbentuk oleh reaksi pirolisis primer terdekomposisi lebih lanjut menjadi gas oleh reaksi pirolisis sekunder sehingga menurunkan perolehan tar.
Kata kunci: sludge cake, pulp reject, pirolisis, arang, zat terbang
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